Abstract

Graphite screen printed electrode modified with Gd2O3 nanoparticles (Gd2O3/SPE) was developed for the determination of venlafaxine (VF). The Gd2O3 nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. To study the electrochemical behaviour of venlafaxine cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CHA) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed. These studies reveal that the oxidation of venlafaxine is facilitated at Gd2O3/SPE. After optimization of analytical conditions, analysis of venlafaxine using the modified electrode in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH 7.0) demonstrates that the peak currents corresponding to venlafaxine vary linearly with its concentration in the range of 5.0 x 10(-6) - 9.0 x 10(-4) mol/L. The detection limit (S/N = 3) of 2.1 x 10(-7) mol/L is obtained for venlafaxine using DPV. The prepared modified electrode benefits from advantages such as simple preparation method, high sensitivity and low detection limit. Moreover, the evaluation of practical applicability of this proposed method is successful in the identification of venlafaxine in pharmaceutical formulations, urine and water samples. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Society of Rare Earths.